Document Details
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Document Type |
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Thesis |
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Document Title |
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CATALYTIC PYROLYSIS OF PLASTIC WASTES USING MODIFIED NATURAL ZEOLITE TO ENHANCE PRODUCTION OF LIQUID FUEL AND ACTIVATED CARBON التحلل الحراري الحفزى لنفايات بلاستيك بإستخدام زيوليت طبيعي محسن لزيادة كفاءة إنتاج وقود السائل و كربون منشط |
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Subject |
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Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Agriculture |
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Document Language |
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Arabic |
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Abstract |
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In the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), plastic wastes consumption is increasing at an alarming rate due to rapid economic growth and urbanization and raised living standards. It is the second largest waste (around 17.4%) in the municipal solid wastes of KSA. The unplanned landfill disposal of plastic wastes in KSA is causing several environmental and public health problems such as fire outbreak, and storage for toxic gasses, and disease-causing vectors. In KSA, neither resource recovery of plastic wastes nor wastes to energy facility exist. This study, therefore, aims to convert the plastic wastes into energy (liquid oil) and value-added product (char) through catalytic and non-catalytic (thermal) pyrolysis. A special focus was also given to natural zeolite for its potential catalytic role in the pyrolysis process as being a cheap indigenous resource.
A small pilot-scale pyrolysis reactor was commissioned for performing thermal and catalytic pyrolysis of different types of plastic wastes. Initially, the experiments were performed to find out the optimum temperature and reaction time for pyrolysis process. The obtained results revealed that 450oC and 75 min were the optimum temperature and reaction time for the pyrolysis of different plastic wastes. Maximum liquid oil (up to 82%) was produced from thermal pyrolysis of polystyrene (PS), whereas polyethylene (PE) thermal pyrolysis produced wax instead of liquid oil due to its branched structure. Overall the thermal pyrolysis produced maximum liquid oil, however the quality of liquid oil was deteriorated with the presence of solid residues, tar, and sulfur.
Synthetic (zeolite (H-SDUSY)) and natural zeolite catalysts were used to enhance the yield of pyrolysis products and quality of the liquid oil. The use of both catalysts increased the cracking process and improved the quality of the liquid oil. However, the use of natural zeolite showed less catalytic performance due to its microporous structure, low BET surface area, and high acidity. Whereas, the thermal and acid activation of natural zeolite improved the catalytic characteristics of natural zeolite. The liquid oil produced from both thermal and catalytic pyrolysis of different types of plastic wastes consists of aromatics, olefins, paraffin and naphthalene compounds. The produced liquid oil from thermal and catalytic pyrolysis consists of carbon chain ranging from C5 to C35. However, the use of catalyst decreased the carbon chain from C35 to C18. In addition, the liquid oil has HHV values of 41.8 MJ/kg and 43.7 MJ/kg respectively, which is similar to conventional diesel.
Char was collected as a by-product of pyrolysis and modified into carbon-metal double layered oxide (C/MnCuAl-LDOs). The synthesized C/MnCuAl-LDOs was used for the adsorption of Congo red dye from synthetic wastewater. The results showed that C/MnCuAl-LDOs has an adsorption capacity of 345mg/g of Congo red at pH 4.5 with 180 min of the contact time during 30 oC of temperature. This study concluded that catalytic pyrolysis is a promising way to convert the plastic wastes of KSA into energy and valuable char. Therefore, the findings of this study will facilitate the sustainable plastic wastes management in KSA along with production of fuel and energy. |
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Supervisor |
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Prof. Dr. Mohamed Abu El-Fetouh Barakat |
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Thesis Type |
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Doctorate Thesis |
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Publishing Year |
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1438 AH
2017 AD |
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Co-Supervisor |
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Dr. Asad Siraj Abu Raziza |
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Added Date |
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Thursday, August 24, 2017 |
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Researchers
| راشد ميان داد | dad, Rashid Mian | Researcher | Doctorate | |
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